A panoramic radiograph, also known as a panoramic X-ray or orthopantomogram (OPG), is a two-dimensional dental imaging technique that captures the entire mouth in a single image, including the teeth, upper and lower jaws, temporomandibular joints (TMJ), and surrounding structures. It is commonly used to assess tooth development, detect impacted teeth, evaluate jawbone health, identify fractures, cysts, tumors, and other abnormalities. Panoramic radiographs are quick, non-invasive, and provide a broad overview, making them a valuable diagnostic tool in dentistry and oral surgery.